Glossika
This site will not be updated.
PLEASE GO HERE TO THE NEW LINGUISTICS SITE
Language Web
This site will not be updated.
PLEASE GO HERE TO THE NEW LINGUISTICS SITE
Menu

Use this search button to find a dialect fast
  • NEW LINGUISTICS WEBSITE
  • DEFINITION OF CHINESE DIALECTS> New
  • Glossika Bookstore
  • Free Searchable Dictionaries
  • Chinese Tone Database
  • Shanghai Wu Dictionary
  • Linguistics Dictionary
  • Learn Languages
  • Learn Chinese Pronunciation
  • Mandarin Thru Videos New
  • Learn Mandarin
  • Learn Taiwanese New
  • Chinese Dialectology
  • Home Page
  • Introduction
  • Chinese Dialects FAQ
  • Dialect Classification
  • Dialect Phonology
  • ???? Fangyan Contents
  • Typological Change in Chinese Syntax
  • Intelligibility between dialects
  • Tones in Chinese Dialects
  • Universal Tone System
  • Numbers in Dialects
  • Stories in Dialects
  • Chinese Romanization
  • Data Sources
  • Studies in Cantonese
  • Cantonese Level 1 (FSI)
  • Cantonese Level 2 (FSI)
  • Reference Material
  • IPA, ????
  • Linguistic Maps
  • Political Maps
  • Arabic Dialectology
  • A Comparative Study of Arabic Dialects
  • Indo-European Studies
  • The Nostratic Macrofamily
  • The Indo-European Languages
  • Sandhi Phenomena in the Languages of Europe
  • The Romance Languages
  • The Germanic Languages
  • Learn German
  • The Slavonic Languages
  • The Slavonic Languages
  • The Slavic Prosody: Language Change and Phonological Theory
  • Comparative Syntax of Balkan Languages
  • The Indo-Iranian Languages
  • The Celtic Languages
  • Altaic Studies
  • Turkic Languages
  • Korean Romanization
  • Korean Writing
  • Good Korean Dictionary
    The Original
  • Korean Dictionaries
  • The Languages of Japan
  • Japanese Writing
  • Good Japanese Dictionary
  • Modern Japanese Grammar
  • A Textbook and Reader of Classical Japanese Grammar
  • Modern Japanese Grammar and Workbook
  • Colloquial Japanese
  • Japanese: A Comprehensive Grammar
  • Japanese Linguistics
  • Linguistic Stereotyping and Minority Groups in Japan
  • The Mongols in Iran
  • The Caspian
  • Social and Economic Change in the Pamirs, Tajikistan
  • The Armenians
  • The Languages of the Caucasus
  • Linguistic Archaeology of South Asia
  • Uralic Languages
    Vietnamese
  • Ch?? Nôm Dictionary
  • Ch?? Nôm Writing
  • Vietnamese Writing
  • Good Vietnamese Dictionary
  • Vietnamese Beginner's Course
  • The Kingdoms of Laos
  • Colloquial Vietnamese
  • Vietnamese Dictionaries
  • Southeast Asian
  • The Tai-Kadai Languages
  • The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar
  • The Oceanic Languages
  • Language Dictionaries


    Download Google Earth File
    As a reminder, this site uses ??, ??, Hàny? P?ny?n, and IPA (e.g. ?????) in a Unicode Font, including Google Earth KMZ downloads. Not all Unicode fonts support these characters, but I primarily use Arial without trouble. If you're having trouble, please visit Alan Wood's page
    Learn Languages
  • Learn Languages
  • Travel Guides
  • Cambodia (LP)
  • Central Asia (LP)
  • China (B), (Eye), (LP), (RG)
  • Japan (RG)
  • Mongolia (LP)
  • Russia (LP)
  • Taiwan (LP)
  • Vietnam (LP)
  • Language Phrasebooks
  • Language Phrasebooks
  • Other Interesting Books
    A Dictionary of Chinese Ceramics
    Chinese Porcelain: Art, Elegance, and Appreciation
    Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting
    Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors
    Chinese Jades
    Jade: 5000BC - 1912AD, A Guide for Collectors

    Vietnamese Dialects
    By James Campbell
    Updated October 21, 2004

    I originally included Vietnamese in this study/website because of the fact its phonological makeup is very similar to Chinese and, indeed, its tonal system matches the Chinese one. Originally I wrote at this site: "Vietnamese is neither a Chinese language nor related to Chinese (It is an Austroasiatic > Mon-Khmer language more closely related to Khmer/Cambodian). Besides having a very similar phonological system, and due to the heavy Chinese influence on the language, it also has a tone system that matches the Chinese one." However, after reading and conducting a bit more research, it appears that Vietnamese' affiliation with Viê?t-M??ng, Mon-Khmer, and Austroasiatic, may in fact be a faulty case.

    The inclusion of Vietnamese in this study is quite appropriate for a number of reasons. It may not be considered a Sinitic language or one of the Chinese dialects, but the Kinh have a lot in common with the Chinese culture, and the language leaves little to doubt. I will not go into great detail about how this is claimed, as a great deal has been posted at some other websites (see below) and that is not the purpose of this site. However, one can see that Vietnamese shares many traits in common with Chinese: 60-70% Sinitic vocabulary, another 20% of vocabulary is substrata of proto-Sinitic vocabulary, much of the grammar and grammatical markers share similarities with Chinese, along with classifiers. One would find it very difficult to draw similar parallels between Chinese and other Mon-Khmer languages. It seems that after considering all of this, what is left that is Mon-Khmer is actually very little, and probably acquired over time through contact with bordering nations. For example, the numbers are of distinct Mon-Khmer origin, however, used in many compound words, Vietnamese uses instead Chinese roots (as is common in the other Sino-Xenic languages, Japanese and Korean).

    Other websites detailing Vietnamese etymologies and the close relation between Vietnamese and Chinese. It is recommended you are familiar with Vietnamese vocabulary, phonology, Chinese characters, Chinese phonology, in order to fully appreciate the value of these articles. I can only assume refusal to recognize the truth in these articles is simply ignorance towards the fields of comparative linguistics/phonology/lexicology/etc:
    Introduction to Sinitic-Vietnamese Studies
    Vietnamese2020 Writing Reform Proposal (I support this proposal for disyllabic writing)
    Vietnamese2020 Writing Reform Proposal Appendix (for lists of words)

    Below is an index to the information on Vietnamese dialects found at this site. Names are listed first in Traditional, then Simplified characters with Vietnamese standard Quô?c Ng?? (??) spelling. You will notice sometimes the Vietnamese doesn't correspond exactly with the Chinese, as Vietnamese word order (Noun+Adj) is different from Chinese, for example: here I use the Chinese ????? which is Khu t?? tri? Tha?i Me?o, but transliterating the Vietnamese verbatim back into Chinese, this would be ?????. Most people can readily recognize that the Chinese and Vietnamese word order varies slightly, and hopefully this is not a hindrance for you. Links to information on this site available on a dialect are provided next to each entry. More data is being added on a weekly basis.

    Viê?tnamese
    • ??? / ???  An Giang
      ?? / ??  Châu ?ô?c
    • ??? / ???  An Xuyên
      ?? / ??  Ca? Mâu
    • ?? / ??  B??c Ca?n
      ?? / ??  Ch?? ?ô?n
      ?? / ??  Ch?? Ra?
    • ??? / ???  Bi?nh D??ng
    • ??? / ???  Bi?nh ?i?nh
      ?? / ??  An La?o
      ?? / ??  An Nh?n
      ?? / ??  Bi?nh Khê
      ?? / ??  Bô?ng S?n
    • ??? / ???  B??c Giang
    • ??? / ???  Biên Ho?a
    • ??? / ???  Bi?nh Long
      ?? / ??  An Lô?c
    • ??? / ???  B??c Ninh
      ?? / ??  Gia Lâm
      ?? / ??  Gia L???ng
    • ??? / ???  Bi?nh Tuy
    • ??? / ???  Bi?nh Thuâ?n
    • ??? / ???  Ba Xuyên
      ?? / ??  Ba?c Liêu
      ?? / ??  Ba?ng Long
      ?? / ??  Gia Rai
    • ??? / ???  Cao B??ng
      ?? / ??  Ba?ch Thông
      ?? / ??  Ba?o La?c
      ?? / ??  Ha? Qua?ng
      ?? / ??  Ha? Lang
    • ??? / ???  Côn S?n
    • ??? / ???  ???c L??c
      ??? / ???  Ban Mê Thuâ?t
    • ??? / ???  ?i?nh T???ng
      ?? / ??  Go? Công
    • ??? / ???  Ho?a Bi?nh
      ?? / ??  ?a? B??c
    • ??? / ???  Ha?i D??ng
      ?? / ??  Bi?nh Giang
      ?? / ??  Câ?m Gia?ng
      ?? / ??  ?ông Triê?u
      ?? / ??  Gia Lô?c
    • ??? / ???  Ha? ?ông
      ?? / ??  Ch??ng My?
      ?? / ??  ?an Ph???ng
    • ??? / ???  Ha? Giang
      ?? / ??  B??c Quang
      ?? / ??  ?ô?ng V?n
    • ??? / ???  Ha? Nam
      ?? / ??  Bi?nh Lu?c
      ?? / ??  Duy Tiên
    • ?? / ??  Ba Che?
      ?? / ??  Bi?nh Liêu
      ?? / ??  ?â?m Ha?
      ?? / ??  ?i?nh Lâ?p
      ?? / ??  Ha? Cô?i
    • ???(???) / ??(???)  Ha?i Pho?ng
      ?? / ??  Ca?t Ba?
      ?? / ??  Ca?t Ha?i
      ?? / ??  Ha?i An
    • ????? / ?????  Khu Hô?ng Qua?ng
      ?? / ??  Câ?m Pha?
    • ??? / ???  Ha? Ti?nh
      ?? / ??  Can Lô?c
      ?? / ??  Câ?m Xuyên
      ?? / ??  ???c Tho?
    • ??? / ???  H?ng Yên
      ?? / ??  An Thi
    • ??? / ???  Kiê?n An
      ?? / ??  An D??ng
    • ??? / ???Kiê?n Giang
      ?? / ??  D??ng ?ông
      ?? / ??  Ha? Tiên
    • ??? / ???  Kha?nh Ho?a
      ?? / ??  Ba Ngo?i
      ?? / ??  Diê?n Kha?nh
    • ??? / ???  Kiê?n Ho?a
      ?? / ??  Ba Tri?
      ?? / ??  Bê?n Tre
    • ??? / ???  Kon Tum
    • ??? / ???  Kiê?n Phong
      ?? / ??  Cao La?nh
    • ??? / ???  Kiê?n T???ng
    • ??? / ???  Long An
    • ??? / ???  Lao Cai
      ?? / ??  Ban Lâ?u
      ?? / ??  Ba?o Th??ng
      ?? / ??  Ba?t Xa?t
      ?? / ??  B??c Ha?
    • ??? / ???  Lâm ?ô?ng
      ?? / ??  Blao
      ?? / ??  Di Linh
    • ??? / ???  Long Kha?nh
    • ??? / ???  La?ng S?n
      ?? / ??  Ba?ng Ma?c
      ?? / ??  B??c S?n
      ?? / ??  Bi?nh Gia
      ?? / ??  Cao Lô?c
      ?? / ??  ?iê?m He
    • ??(??)? / ??(??)?  Nghê? An
      ?? / ??  Anh S?n
      ?? / ??  Con Cuông
      ?? / ??  Diê?n Châu
    • ??? / ???  Ninh Bi?nh
      ?? / ??  Gia Kha?nh
      ?? / ??  Gia Viê?n
    • ??? / ???  Nam ?i?nh
      ?? / ??  Giao Thu?y
      ?? / ??  Ha?i Hâ?u
    • ??? / ???  Ninh Thuâ?n
      ?? / ??  Ca Na?
    • ??? / ???  Phong Dinh
      ?? / ??  Câ?n Th?
    • ??? / ???  Ph???c Long
      ?? / ??  Bô? ???c
    • ???? / ????  Pleiku
      ?? / ??  An Khê
    • ??? / ???  Phu? Tho?
      ?? / ??  Câ?m Khê
      ?? / ??  Cân Gi??
      ?? / ??  ?oan Hu?ng
      ?? / ??  Ha? Ho?a
      ?? / ??  Ha?c Tri
    • ??? / ???  Ph???c Tuy
      ?? / ??  Ba Ri?a
    • ??? / ???  Phu? Yên
      ?? / ??  ?ô?ng Xuân
    • ??? / ???  Qua?ng Bi?nh
      ?? / ??  Bô? Tra?ch
      ?? / ??  ?ô?ng H??i
    • ??? / ???  Qua?ng Nam
      ?? / ??  Bê?n Giang
      ?? / ??  Bê?n Hiê?n
      ?? / ??  Duy Xuyên
      ??(??) / ??(??)   ?a? N??ng
      ?? / ??  ?a?i Lô?c
      ?? / ??  ?iê?n Ba?n
    • ??? / ???  Qua?ng Nga?i
      ?? / ??  Ba T?
      ?? / ??  Bi?nh S?n
      ?? / ??  D??c Phô?
    • ??? / ???  Qua?ng Tri?
      ?? / ??  Cam Lo?
      ?? / ??  Gio Linh
      ?? / ??  Ha?i Lang
    • ??? / ???  Qua?ng Yên
    • ??? / ???  Sa?i Go?n  Tones
      ?? / ??  Ch?? L??n
      ?? / ??  Gia ?i?nh
    • ??? / ???  S?n Tây
      ?? / ??  Bâ?t Ba?t
    • ??? / ???  Tha?i Bi?nh
      ?? / ??  Duyên Ha?
      ?? / ??  ?ô?ng Quan
    • ??? / ???  Tuyên ???c
      ??? / ???  ?a? La?t
    • ??? / ???  Thanh Ho?a
      ?? / ??  Ba? Thuô?c
      ?? / ??  Câ?m Thu?y
      ?? / ??  ?ông S?n
      ?? / ??  Ha? Trung
    • ????? / ?????  Khu t?? tri? Tha?i Me?o
      ??? / ???  ?iê?n Biên
    • ??? / ???  Tha?i Nguyên
      ?? / ??  ?a?i T??
      ?? / ??  ?i?nh Ho?a
      ?? / ??  ?ô?ng Hy?
    • ??? / ???  Tây Ninh
    • ??? / ???  Tuyên Quang
      ?? / ??  Chiêm Ho?a
    • ??? / ???  Th??a Thiên
    • ????? / ?????  Khu t?? tri? Viê?t B??c
    • ??? / ???  Vi?nh Bi?nh
    • ??? / ???  Vi?nh Long
      ????? / ?????  Khu t?? tri? Vi?nh Linh
      ?? / ??  Ba Cang
    • ??? / ???  Vi?nh Phu?c
      ?? / ??  Bi?nh Xuyên
      ?? / ??  ?a Phu?c
      ?? / ??  ?ông Anh
    • ??? / ???  Yên Ba?i
    This site will not be updated.
    PLEASE GO HERE TO THE NEW LINGUISTICS SITE
  • DEFINITION OF CHINESE DIALECTS And the Question of Mutual Intelligibility As Applied to Sinitic Taxonomy New
  • The Languages of China
    Chinese Discourse LE
    Baxter's Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology
    Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction
    Hashimoto's Studies in Yue Dialects
    Historical Dialectology
    Comparative Dialectology
    Himalayan Languages
    Serial Verb Constructions: A Cross-Linguistic Typology




    The Sino-Tibetan Languages
    Tone Sandhi
    Grammaticalization and Language Change in Chinese
    The Theory of the Firm and Chinese Enterprise Reform
    The Chinese Model of Modern Development
    Economic Growth, Income Distribution and Poverty Reduction in Contemporary China
    China Along the Yellow River
    Conflict Management in China
    China's Economic Relations with the West and Japan, 1949-1979
    Globalisation, Transition and Development in China
    Commerce and Capitalism in Chinese Societies
    Law and Investment in China
    Human Resource Management in China
    Transforming Rural China
    Challenge and Change in China's Development
    China's Business Reforms
    Medieval Chinese Medicine
    Imperial Tombs in Tang China, 618-907
    Recent Events and Present Policies in China
    Narrating China
    Elite Theatre in Ming China, 1368-1644
    Consuming China: Approaches to Cultural Change in Contemporary China
    Calligraphy and Power in Contemporary Chinese Society
    Sino-Japanese Relations

    You can support the growth and development of this site with a small donation today

    © 2000- Glossika, Inc. All Rights Reserved.