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International Phonetic Alphabet Table
國際音標 / 国际音标
Compiled and Edited by James Campbell
The table presented here only displays the sounds that are found on this website among Chinese dialects (ancient and modern) and are not representative of any one dialect; instead it is a compilation of all dialects and so excludes the sounds found in other languages around the world.
Consonants
|
| Bilabial
| Labio-
dental
| Inter-
dental
| Dental
| Alveolar
| Alveo-
palatal
| Post-
alveolar
| Retroflex
| Palatal
| Velar
| Glottal
|
| Stops
| Unv
| Unasp
| p
|
|
|
| t
|
|
|
| c
| k
| ʔ
|
| Asp
| pʰ
|
|
|
| tʰ
|
|
|
| cʰ
| kʰ
|
| Voiced
| b
|
|
|
| d
|
|
|
| ɟ
| g
|
| Affricates
| Unv
| Unasp
|
| pf
|
| ts
|
| tɕ
| tʃ
| tʂ
| tç
|
| Asp
|
| pfʰ
|
| tsʰ
|
| tɕʰ
| tʃʰ
| tʂʰ
| tçʰ
|
| Voiced
|
| bv
|
| dz
|
| dʑ
| dʒ
| dʐ
| dʝ
|
| Fricatives
| Unvoiced
| ɸ
| f
| θ
| s
|
| ɕ
| ʃ
| ʂ
| ç
| x
| h
|
| Voiced
| β
| v
| ð
| z
|
| ʑ
| ʒ
| ʐ
| ʝ
| ɣ
| ɦ
|
| Nasals
| Voiced
| m
| ɱ
|
|
| n
| nj
|
| ɳ
| ɲ
| ŋ
|
| Flaps
| Voiced
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ɽ
|
| Laterals
| Voiced
|
|
|
|
| l
|
Lateral-
Fricatives
| Voiced
|
|
|
|
| ɬ
|
Approx-
imates
| Voiced
| wɥ
| ʋ
|
|
|
|
|
| ɥ ̢
| j(ɥ)
| w
|
Vowels
|
| Apical
| Front
| Mid
| Back
|
| High
| ɿ
| ɥ
| ʅ
|
| ɥ ̢
| i
|
|
|
| y
|
| ɨ
|
|
| ʉ
|
| ɯ
|
|
| u
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ɪ
|
|
| Y
|
|
|
|
| ɷ̈
|
|
|
|
| ɷ
|
|
| Mid
|
|
|
|
|
| e
|
|
| ø
|
|
| ɘ
| ɵ
|
|
|
| ɤ
| o
|
|
|
|
|
| ɚ
|
|
| E
|
|
|
|
|
| ə
|
|
|
|
|
| o̞
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ɛ
|
|
| œ
|
|
| ɜ
| ʚ
|
|
|
| ʌ
| ɔ
|
|
|
| Low
|
|
| ɐr
|
|
| æ
|
|
|
|
|
| ɐ
|
|
|
|
| ɒ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| a
|
|
|
|
|
| A
|
|
|
|
| ɑ
|
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