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Taiyuan Dialect Phonology
??????
Compiled and Edited by James Campbell
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ɿ
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i
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u
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y
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əɽ
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a
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ia
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ua
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ɤ
|
uɤ
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ie
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ye
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ai
|
uai
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ei
|
uei
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au
|
iau
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əu
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iəu
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| p
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| pi
| pu
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| pa
| pia
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| pɤ
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| pie
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| pai
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| pei
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| pau
| piau
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| pʰ
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| pʰi
| pʰu
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| pʰa
| pʰia
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| pʰɤ
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| pʰie
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| pʰai
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| pʰei
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| pʰau
| pʰiau
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|
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| m
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| mi
| mu
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| ma
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| mɤ
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| mie
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| mai
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| mei
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| mau
| miau
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| f
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| fu
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| fei
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| v
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| vu
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| va
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| vɤ
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| vai
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| vei
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| t
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| ti
| tu
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| ta
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| tɤ
| tuɤ
| tie
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| tai
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| tuei
| tau
| tiau
| təu
| tiəu
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| tʰ
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| tʰi
| tʰu
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|
| tʰa
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| tʰɤ
| tʰuɤ
| tʰie
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| tʰai
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|
| tʰuei
| tʰau
| tʰiau
| tʰəu
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| n
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| ni
| nu
| ny
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| na
| nia
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| nɤ
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| nie
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| nai
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| nuei
| nau
| niau
| nəu
| niəu
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| l
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| li
| lu
| ly
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| la
| lia
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| lɤ
| luɤ
| lie
| lye
| lai
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|
| luei
| lau
| liau
| ləu
| liəu
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| ts
| tsɿ
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| tsu
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|
| tsa
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| tsua
| tsɤ
| tsuɤ
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|
| tsai
| tsuai
| tsei
| tsuei
| tsau
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| tsəu
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| tsʰ
| tsʰɿ
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| tsʰu
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|
| tsʰa
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| tsʰua
| tsʰɤ
| tsʰuɤ
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|
| tsʰai
| tsʰuai
| tsʰei
| tsʰuei
| tsʰau
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| tsʰəu
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|
| s
| sɿ
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| su
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|
| sa
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| sua
| sɤ
| suɤ
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| sai
| suai
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| suei
| sau
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| səu
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| z
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| zu
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| za
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| zɤ
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|
|
|
|
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| zuei
| zau
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| zəu
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| tɕ
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| tɕi
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| tɕy
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| tɕia
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| tɕie
| tɕye
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|
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| tɕiau
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| tɕiəu
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| tɕʰ
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| tɕʰi
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| tɕʰy
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| tɕʰia
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| tɕʰie
| tɕʰye
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| tɕʰiau
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| tɕʰiəu
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| ɕ
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| ɕi
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| ɕy
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|
| ɕia
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|
|
| ɕie
| ɕye
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|
|
|
|
| ɕiau
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| ɕiəu
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| k
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| ku
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| ka
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| kua
| kɤ
| kuɤ
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| kai
| kuai
| kei
| kuei
| kau
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| kəu
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| kʰ
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| kʰu
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| kʰa
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| kʰua
| kʰɤ
| kʰuɤ
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| kʰai
| kʰuai
| kʰei
| kʰuei
| kʰau
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| kʰəu
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| x
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| xu
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| xa
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| xua
| xɤ
| xuɤ
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| xai
| xuai
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| xuei
| xau
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| xəu
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| ɣ
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|
|
|
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| ɣa
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| ɣɤ
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|
|
| ɣai
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|
|
| ɣau
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| ɣəu
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| ø
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| i
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| y
| əɽ
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| ia
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|
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| ie
| ye
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|
|
|
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| iau
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| iəu
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|
|
æ̃
|
uæ̃
|
ɒ̃
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iɒ̃
|
uɒ̃
|
əŋ
|
iŋ
|
uŋ
|
yŋ
|
aʔ
|
iaʔ
|
uaʔ
|
əʔ
|
iəʔ
|
uəʔ
|
yəʔ
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| p
| pæ̃
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| pɒ̃
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|
| pəŋ
| piŋ
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| paʔ
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| pəʔ
| piəʔ
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|
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| pʰ
| pʰæ̃
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| pʰɒ̃
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| pʰəŋ
| pʰiŋ
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|
| pʰaʔ
| pʰiaʔ
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| pʰəʔ
| pʰiəʔ
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|
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| m
| mæ̃
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| mɒ̃
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| məŋ
| miŋ
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| maʔ
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|
| məʔ
| miəʔ
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|
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| f
| fæ̃
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| fɒ̃
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|
| fəŋ
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|
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| faʔ
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| fəʔ
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|
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| v
| væ̃
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| vɒ̃
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|
| vəŋ
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|
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| vaʔ
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|
| vəʔ
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|
|
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| t
| tæ̃
| tuæ̃
| tɒ̃
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| tuɒ̃
| təŋ
| tiŋ
| tuŋ
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| taʔ
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| tuaʔ
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| tiəʔ
| tuəʔ
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|
| tʰ
| tʰæ̃
| tʰuæ̃
| tʰɒ̃
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| tʰuɒ̃
| tʰəŋ
| tʰiŋ
| tʰuŋ
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| tʰaʔ
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| tʰuaʔ
| tʰəʔ
| tʰiəʔ
| tʰuəʔ
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|
| n
| næ̃
| nuæ̃
| nɒ̃
| niɒ̃
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| nəŋ
| niŋ
| nuŋ
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| naʔ
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| nuaʔ
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| niəʔ
| nuəʔ
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| l
| læ̃
| luæ̃
| lɒ̃
| liɒ̃
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| ləŋ
| liŋ
| luŋ
| lyŋ
| laʔ
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| luaʔ
| ləʔ
| liəʔ
| luəʔ
| lyəʔ
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| ts
| tsæ̃
| tsuæ̃
| tsɒ̃
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| tsuɒ̃
| tsəŋ
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| tsuŋ
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| tsaʔ
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| tsuaʔ
| tsəʔ
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| tsuəʔ
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|
| tsʰ
| tsʰæ̃
| tsʰuæ̃
| tsʰɒ̃
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| tsʰuɒ̃
| tsʰəŋ
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| tsʰuŋ
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| tsʰaʔ
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| tsʰuaʔ
| tsʰəʔ
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| tsʰuəʔ
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| s
| sæ̃
| suæ̃
| sɒ̃
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| suɒ̃
| səŋ
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| suŋ
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| saʔ
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| suaʔ
| səʔ
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| suəʔ
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| z
| zæ̃
| zuæ̃
| zɒ̃
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|
| zəŋ
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| zuŋ
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| zaʔ
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| zəʔ
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| zuəʔ
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|
| tɕ
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|
|
| tɕiɒ̃
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|
| tɕiŋ
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| tɕyŋ
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| tɕiaʔ
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| tɕiəʔ
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| tɕyəʔ
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| tɕʰ
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|
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| tɕʰiɒ̃
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| tɕʰiŋ
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| tɕʰyŋ
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| tɕʰiaʔ
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| tɕʰiəʔ
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| tɕʰyəʔ
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| ɕ
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|
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| ɕiɒ̃
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|
| ɕiŋ
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| ɕyŋ
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| ɕiaʔ
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|
| ɕiəʔ
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| ɕyəʔ
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| k
| kæ̃
| kuæ̃
| kɒ̃
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| kuɒ̃
| kəŋ
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| kuŋ
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| kaʔ
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| kuaʔ
| kəʔ
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| kuəʔ
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|
| kʰ
| kʰæ̃
| kʰuæ̃
| kʰɒ̃
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| kʰuɒ̃
| kʰəŋ
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| kʰuŋ
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| kʰaʔ
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| kʰuaʔ
| kʰəʔ
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| kʰuəʔ
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| x
| xæ̃
| xuæ̃
| xɒ̃
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| xuɒ̃
| xəŋ
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| xuŋ
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| xaʔ
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| xuaʔ
| xəʔ
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| xuəʔ
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|
| ɣ
| ɣæ̃
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| ɣɒ̃
|
|
| ɣəŋ
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|
|
| ɣaʔ
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|
| ɣəʔ
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|
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| ø
|
|
|
| iɒ̃
|
|
| iŋ
|
| yŋ
|
| iaʔ
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| iəʔ
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| yəʔ
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The Languages of China
The Sino-Tibetan Languages
Tone Sandhi