Zhengzhou Dialect Phonology

Zhengzhou Dialect Phonology
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Compiled and Edited by James Campbell

The onsets and rhymes are listed below.

Onsets:
p p? m f v
t t? n l
ts ts? s
t? t?? ? ?
t? t?? ?
k k? x
?

Rhymes:
? ? i u y ?
a ia ua
?
o uo yo
? ?? i? u? y?
ai uai
ei uei
au iau
ou iou
an ian uan yan
?n in u?n yn
a? ia? ua?
?? i? u?? u? y?

Rhoticized:
a ai an ? ?? > ar
ia i? ian > iar
ua u? uai uan > uar
y? yan > yar
o > or
uo > uor
yo > yor
? > ?r
au > aur
iau > iaur
ou > our
iou > iour
u > ur
? ? ei ?n > ?r
i in > i?r
uei u?n > u?r
y yn > y?r
a? > a?r
ia? > ia?r
ua? > ua?r
?? > ??r
i? > i??r
u?? > u??r
u? > u?r
y? > yu?r

Z-ified:
? ? ou > ou
i ei iou > iou
u > uou
y uei > you
a o ? ?? au > au
ia i? iau ai > iau
au uo > uau
y? yo uai > yau
Examples:
?^Z siau⁵³ (??, ???, son, boy)
?^Z t??iau³¹² (??, chopsticks)
?^Z piou⁴² (??, nose)
?^Z t?uau²⁴ (??, table)
?^Z liou⁵³ (??, plum)

Tones

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DEFINITION OF CHINESE DIALECTS And the Question of Mutual Intelligibility As Applied to Sinitic Taxonomy New

The Languages of China